Cravings, sugar and fat consumption as determinant factors of obesity in young adults in Juarez City.

INTRODUCTION: obesity is a global health epidemic and understanding its causes is essential for successful treatment and prevention. Cravings have been associated with the excessive consumption of sugars and fats, and addictive eating behavior. OBJECTIVE: to determine the strength of the relationship between cravings, the consumption of sugar and fat, and its impact on body composition as determined via body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP) and waist circumference (WC) in a sample of Mexicans who reside close to the México-U.S. border. METHODS: the sample was comprised of 159 young adults with a mean age of 27.96 ± 6.19, 45.9% of which were male, and all residents of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Cravings were measured using Trait and State Food Cravings Questionnaires. The consumption of sugars and fats was determined via a 24-hour recall of foods consumed and a food consumption frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: it was demonstrated that BMI and BFP were positively associated with responses to the craving questionnaires and WC with fat consumption. Additionally, higher fat consumption was positively associated with higher rates of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: the results demonstrate the need to identify the presence of cravings and integrate such measures for effective prevention and treatment of obesity.

Cravings, sugar and fat consumption as determinant factors of obesity in young adults in juarez city / Craving, ingesta de azúcares y grasas como determinantes de la obesidad en adultos jóvenes de Ciudad Juárez

Introduction: obesity is a global health epidemic and understanding its causes is essential for successful treatment and prevention. Cravings have been associated with the excessive consumption of sugars and fats, and addictive eating behavior. Objective: to determine the strength of the relationship between cravings, the consumption of sugar and fat, and its impact on body composition as determined via body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP) and waist circumference (WC) in a sample of Mexicans who reside close to the México-U.S. border. Methods: the sample was comprised of 159 young adults with a mean age of 27.96 ± 6.19, 45.9% of which were male, and all residents of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Cravings were measured using Trait and State Food Cravings Questionnaires. The consumption of sugars and fats was determined via a 24-hour recall of foods consumed and a food consumption frequency questionnaire. Results: it was demonstrated that BMI and BFP were positively associated with responses to the craving questionnaires and WC with fat consumption. Additionally, higher fat consumption was positively associated with higher rates of obesity. Conclusions: the results demonstrate the need to identify the presence of cravings and integrate such measures for effective prevention and treatment of obesity

Introducción: la obesidad es una enfermedad heterogénea, por lo que reconocer su origen es esencial para el tratamiento. El craving ha sido relacionado con el consumo excesivo de azúcares y grasas y conductas alimentarias adictivas. Objetivo: investigar la relación entre el craving y la ingesta de azucares y grasas, así como su impacto sobre la composición corporal, determinada por el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC) y la circunferencia de la cintura (CC). Método: la muestra estuvo constituida por 159 adultos jóvenes, hombres (45.9%) y mujeres (54.1%), residentes de Ciudad Juárez, cuya media de edad fue de 27.96 ± 6.19. Se utilizó el Food Cravings Questionnaires Trait y State para determinar la presencia de craving. Para el análisis de la dieta se utilizaron recordatorio de 24 horas y cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que el IMC y el PGC se relacionan con conductas de craving y la CC, con el consumo de grasa. Además, el consumo de grasa se mostró como un factor de riesgo para la obesidad. Conclusiones: se sugiere la necesidad de determinar la presencia de craving y el consumo de grasas para prevenir o tratar eficazmente la obesidad

Perfiles psicopatológicos de obesos y desnutridos medidos con el CBCL/6-18 / Psychopathological profiles of obese children and malnourished measures Obesity; in CBCL/6-18

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron definir los trastornos psicopatológicos más comunes asociados a la obesidad y a la desnutrición, así como establecer el grupo de referencia normativo al cual pertenece México en la escala Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL/6-18). Este fue un estudio transversal de diseño cuasiexperiemental. Se utilizó la información de 125 niños de escuelas públicas de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, en estados de desnutrición, obesidad y normopeso, obtenida mediante las 113 preguntas relacionadas con el comportamiento de niños, que contiene el CBCL 6-18. Por medio de análisis de varianzas se estudiaron las posibles diferencias entre los grupos. Encontramos que nuestra muestra mexicana, pertenece al grupo normativo de referencia tres; las diferencias más significativas se encuentran en el grupo de obesos en la escala de problemas internalizados específicamente en ansiedad/depresión, y en el total de problemas.

This paper sought to define the most common psychopathological disorders associated with obese and malnourished children, and establish the normative group to which Mexico belongs in the Child Behavior Checklist 6-18(CBCL/6-18). This was a cross-sectional study of cuasiexperimental design. CBCL/6-18 data from 125 children from public school in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México were categorized into obese, malnourished and normal nutrition states. The 113 questions related to the behavior of children of the CBCL 6-18 through variance analysis were used to explore the possible differences between groups. Our Mexican children sample belongs to the normative group three. We found that the major differences were in internalized problems, specifically in anxiety/depression, and on Total Problems with the obese group.

Variantes genotípicas del SNP -19 del gen de la CAPN 10 y su relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez, México / SNP-19 Genotypic variants of CAPN 10 gene and its relation to diabetes mellitus type 2 in a population of ciudad juarez, México

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 es una patología común de origen multifactorial cuyas bases genéticas exactas se desconocen aún; diversos estudios sugieren que los polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNPs) en el gen CAPN10 (Locus 2q37.3) podrían participar en su desarrollo, incluyendo el polimorfismo de inserción/ deleción SNP-19 (2R→3R). Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el polimorfismo SNP-19 y la presencia de DM tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 107 individuos: 43 diabéticos tipo 2 (casos) y 64 no diabéticos sin antecedentes heredo-familiares de DM tipo 2 en primer grado (control). Se realizó estudio antropométrico y perfil bioquímico de lípidos, lipoproteínas y glucosa sérica. Se extrajo ADN de linfocitos de sangre periférica y se amplificó mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Se analizaron los genotipos del polimorfismo SNP-19 del gen CAPN10 por análisis electroforético en geles de agarosa. Se calcularon las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas y se realizaronpruebas de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (GenAlEx 6.4). Resultados: El análisis mediante la prueba X² identificó diferencias en los genotipos entre casos y control, con una mayor frecuencia del genotipo homocigoto 3R del SNP-19 en el grupo de casos (0.418) respecto al grupocontrol (0.265). El genotipo 2R/3R presentó relación con valores elevados de peso, índice de masa corporal y perímetros de cintura y cadera; pero solo en el grupo de diabéticos (P=< 0.05). Conclusión: Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren la participación del SNP-19 del gen CAPN10 en el desarrollo de DM tipo 2 en la población estudiada (AU)

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is a common pathology with multifactorial etiology, which exact genetic bases remain unknown. Some studies suggest that single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CAPN10 gene (Locus 2q37.3) could be associated with the development of this disease, including the insertion/deletion polymorphism SNP-19 (2R→3R). Objective: The present study determined the association between the SNP-19 and the risk of developing DM type 2 in Ciudad Juarez population. Methodology: For this study 107 participants were selected: 43 diabetics type 2 (cases) and 64 non diabetics with no family history of DM type 2 in first grade (control). Anthropometric studies were realized as well as lipids, lipoproteins and serum glucose biochemical profiles. The genotypification of SNP-19 was performed using peripheral blood lymphocytes DNA, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and electrophoretic analysis in agarose gels. Once obtained the genotypic and allelic frequencies, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (GenAlEx 6.4) was also performed. Results: Using the X² analysis it was identified the genotypic differences between cases and control with higher frequency of the homozygous genotype 3R of SNP- 19 in the cases group (0.418) compared to control group (0.265). Also, it was observed an association between genotype 2R/3R with elevated weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences, but only in the diabetic group (P=< 0.05). Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that SNP-19 in CAPN10 may participate in the development of DM type 2 in the studied population (AU)

Clinical significance of neuropsychological improvement after supplementation with omega-3 in 8-12 years old malnourished Mexican children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo and treatment clinical trial.

It has been shown that supplementation with omega-3 improves cognitive performance, especially in infants and toddlers, but it is unknown whether these results are effective in older malnourished children. The aims of this study, therefore, were to investigate the omega-3 supplementation effects in 8- to 12-year-old children and to know which neuropsychological functions improve after three months of intervention in a sample of Mexican children with mild to moderate malnutrition. This study was a randomized, double-blind, treatment and placebo study of 59 children aged 8-12 years who were individually allocated to 2 groups. The duration of the intervention lasted 3 months. Neuropsychological performance was measured at baseline and at 3 months. Results show that more than 50% of children in the treatment group had greater improvement in 11 of the 18 neuropsychological variables studied. Processing speed, visual-motor coordination, perceptual integration, attention and executive function showed improvement in more than 70% of the omega-3 supplemented children. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01199120.

[SNP-19 genotypic variants of CAPN10 gene and its relation to diabetes mellitus type 2 in a population of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico]. / Variantes genotípicas del SNP-19 del gen de la CAPN10 y su relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez, México.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is a common pathology with multifactorial etiology, which exact genetic bases remain unknown. Some studies suggest that single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CAPN10 gene (Locus 2q37.3) could be associated with the development of this disease, including the insertion/deletion polymorphism SNP-19 (2R→3R). OBJECTIVE: The present study determined the association between the SNP-19 and the risk of developing DM type 2 in Ciudad Juarez population. METHODOLOGY: For this study 107 participants were selected: 43 diabetics type 2 (cases) and 64 non diabetics with no family history of DM type 2 in first grade (control). Anthropometric studies were realized as well as lipids, lipoproteins and serum glucose biochemical profiles. The genotypification of SNP-19 was performed using peripheral blood lymphocytes DNA, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and electrophoretic analysis in agarose gels. Once obtained the genotypic and allelic frequencies, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (GenAlEx 6.4) was also performed. RESULTS: Using the X² analysis it was identified the genotypic differences between cases and control with higher frequency of the homozygous genotype 3R of SNP- 19 in the cases group (0.418) compared to control group (0.265). Also, it was observed an association between genotype 2R/3R with elevated weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences, but only in the diabetic group (P=< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings in this study suggest that SNP-19 in CAPN10 may participate in the development of DM type 2 in the studied population.

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 es una patología común de origen multifactorial cuyas bases genéticas exactas se desconocen aún; diversos estudios sugieren que los polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNPs) en el gen CAPN10 (Locus 2q37.3) podrían participar en su desarrollo, incluyendo el polimorfismo de inserción/ deleción SNP-19 (2R→3R). Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el polimorfismo SNP-19 y la presencia de DM tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 107 individuos: 43 diabéticos tipo 2 (casos) y 64 no diabéticos sin antecedentes heredo-familiares de DM tipo 2 en primer grado (control). Se realizó estudio antropométrico y perfil bioquímico de lípidos, lipoproteínas y glucosa sérica. Se extrajo ADN de linfocitos de sangre periférica y se amplificó mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Se analizaron los genotipos del polimorfismo SNP-19 del gen CAPN10 por análisis electroforético en geles de agarosa. Se calcularon las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas y se realizaron pruebas de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (GenAlEx 6.4). Resultados: El análisis mediante la prueba X² identificó diferencias en los genotipos entre casos y control, con una mayor frecuencia del genotipo homocigoto 3R del SNP-19 en el grupo de casos (0.418) respecto al grupo control (0.265). El genotipo 2R/3R presentó relación con valores elevados de peso, índice de masa corporal y perímetros de cintura y cadera; pero solo en el grupo de diabéticos (P=< 0.05). Conclusión: Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren la participación del SNP-19 del gen CAPN10 en el desarrollo de DM tipo 2 en la población estudiada.